Showing posts with label two pillars. Show all posts
Showing posts with label two pillars. Show all posts

Saturday, 6 June 2015

Living without Want: Cancelling Discretionary Spending

Hello fellow sojourners!

I'm not financially minded. Accounting, tax returns and spreadsheets leave me stone cold. So I'm here to speak about the more personal/day-to-day side of our financial independence journey.

Not being quite as hardcore as my husband (Mr Cent(ri)frugal to you) I found it difficult to adjust to the mindset required for financial freedom. I was never exactly a spendthrift - I grew up on a tight budget, and chose teaching as a profession, so saving wisely and spending carefully were always part of my outlook. FIRE was a reasonably natural extension of my natural inclinations. 


The Discretionary Spending Trap

However, when I started working, having the ability to randomly decide to go out for coffee with a friend, purchase a jersey that caught my eye or buy a treat at the grocery store without counting the metaphorical pennies was a wonderful side-effect of a grueling job. Having my R200 (or whatever it was) of "free" spending money each month made me feel... free. If I wanted it, within reason, I could have it. And who doesn't like that? And if the budget got a bit expanded occasionally, well, where's the harm in that, right?

So the notion of cancelling discretionary spending was quite a stretch.


Photo credit: Robert Couse-Baker CC-BY 2.0
However, as everyone knows, stretching is actually a good thing. Especially when it gets you out of a particularly insidious mind-trap. Here are some of the questions that helped me to adjust to a new way of thinking:


Do I need it?

If you are a middle class person, the answer is probably: No. Which is sad when your credit card is itching, but not really sad when you think about all the people - some a few minutes drive away from you - who don't have food, water, sanitation or a roof over their heads.

So, 99% of the time, a few minutes honest reflection tells me... nope, I don't need it. I have eaten. I am warm and clothed. I have more than enough. This discretionary item is a want. It sounds so simple, but it's a good place to start your thinking.


What do I really want?

I was recently given a voucher for a large shopping mall. It is sitting in my bag, right now. Every now and again, I think about what I would like to spend it on. It's a fun activity, one which reminds me of the delicious planning and anticipation when I received money as a child. I used to save up to buy something, and I can still remember the feeling of walking to the shops with the correct sum in my pocket with a glorious glow of achievement.

But truthfully, once the coveted item was purchased it was often something of a let down. Of course, the glow of getting lasted a few days, but the toy or clothing item, whatever it was, was never quite as exciting. After a week or two, it was often relegated to the shelf of "not quite favourites".

So what was it that I really wanted?

The same is often true of "event" spending - dinner, coffee, movies with friends. Whether it is R50, R100, R200 or R300 later, I've had a lovely time. My relationships have benefited, I feel relaxed and happy: good spending, right?

Well, maybe. But what, exactly, is it that made me happy? Was it the conversation? Because that is free. Was it the coffee? Because that costs a lot less to make at home. Was it the movie? Cheaper to rent, and probably nicer because you can pause to go to the loo or get a snack any time you like; plus there are no annoying people with glowing phone screens. Was it the popcorn? Have you tasted homemade popcorn?

As for restaurant food, yes, sometimes it is way better than anything I can make at home. But sometimes it's pretty mediocre, and I spend the evening with menu envy, looking at the dish at the next door table. Sometimes I eat too much, or the waiter takes ages, or parking ends up costing a fortune. Wouldn't a special meal, carefully made at home, properly presented for once, give more enjoyment, show more love, result in more relationship building?

Again, what is it that I wanted? Really wanted?


Photo credit: Charlie Foster (Public Domain)
In most cases, the thing that truly makes me happy is free. Or at least costs a lot less than commercialism would lead me to believe - don't get me started on advertising! Many friends have been more than accommodating, and in fact sometimes relieved (because loads of people are really on something of a shoestring budget, one way or another) when I've said "What about..." or "I would rather..." or "I'm on a tight budget, so...". Sometimes, this opening leads to a candid and up-building conversation that wouldn't have otherwise been possible.

So what is it that you want? And is swiping that card going to buy it for you?

Is this an exception?

As with every system, it would be naive to think that there are no exceptions. Sometimes, there is a birthday party, a new friend, a big celebration or some other reason to break every rule in the book. 

Maybe not every rule.

We still go out to dinner, or get takeaways - just once every couple of months, instead of once a week. And we find that those occasional outings become just that: occasions, rather than run of the mill, expensive habits. I'll write another post sometime on how we save money even on special occasions - without diminishing enjoyment. For now, suffice it to say that sometimes it's fine to spend money on important things. 

Also, sometimes you've just had a "&^#&-off" kind of day, and eating a R5 chocolate-bar is just going to make you feel momentarily better... and sometimes that's fine. Especially if it's a R5 chocolate-bar instead of a R200 massage. And again, if it isn't a weekly habit, but a once-in-a-while treat. Which will also make that little treat a lot more... treaty. 

Living without Want

So, to return to that voucher sitting patiently in my backpack... it isn't burning a hole in my proverbial pocket, as it definitely would have been a few years ago. I've thought of one or two useful and fun things I could spend it on; and we might even treat ourselves to a burger at the same time. It'll be an event, spending that voucher, and it isn't even that much money. In the meantime, my life goes on, with all it's ordinary enjoyments and non-money-related pleasures.

I still want things; everyone does. But your life can be fully satisfying without spending money on a whim. Your desires are not the boss: you are. Don't let your "wants" rule you.


Yours in the fullness of life,
jjdaydream



Saturday, 30 May 2015

Introducing The Two Pillars and Compound Interest

Dear Awesome Person

In the last post I stated somewhat cryptically that:
"Money can be used to buy freedom by not spending it."
Photo credit Julia Maudlin (CC-BY 2.0)
It's probably time to explain what I meant by this. I present to you what I consider the two pillars upon which a financially independent life is based:

1. Live a frugal lifestyle so that you free up money that can be put to good use.

2. Find sensible investments where your money 
will work hard for you, and one day, will be able to work harder than you possibly can.

The sensible investments can be thought of as a Powerful Financial Independence Engine 
and the money that you save by living a frugal lifestyle it can be thought of as Fuel for the Financial Independence Engine.

But first we need to understand the inner workings of the machine which allows the engine to function:





The Power of Compound Interest


Compound interest will be a ridiculously powerful ally on your quest when it acts in your favour. But compound interest can be a double-edged sword. If you get on the wrong side of compound interest then the quest becomes exponentially* more difficult. (The wrong side of compound interest is a Fiendish Beast of the Night called Debt; we'll talk about this in a future post.)

When money is placed in an investment (we'll look at what types of investments there are and where to get them in a future post) then it grows according to the compound interest formula**:


F is the value of the investment, P is the money you put into the investment, is the rate of growth and n is the amount of time you invest for.


The value of your investment is larger for larger values of Pi and n. This makes sense:
  • the more you invest (P) the more your investment should be worth
  • the faster your investment grows (i) the more it will be worth after a certain amount of time
  • the longer you invest for (n) the more time you give compound interest to compound the growth on your investment
For now, let's look at a pretty amazing example of how the growth rate (i) and time (n) can work together to produce a snowball that starts small but eventually produces an avalanche of treasure.

If you can find an investment that produces real returns (returns above inflation) of 7% then an investment doubles approximately every 10 years. Using the compound interest formula we have:


What does this mean? Let's perform a thought experiment. Imagine that you have R100. I maintain that this is actually a lot of money and should be respected, but depending on your frame of reference it's not that much and shouldn't be too hard to find (chances are you have a R100 note in your wallet right now; go and fetch it and you don't need to imagine having one). Now imagine that you invest this R100 in an investment that grows at 7% per year above inflation. In ten years time you will have the grand total of... R200. Wow, that's a bit anti-climactic isn't it? Where is this phenomenally powerful engine that I promised? Be patient, the juggernaut is just getting going. 
  • After 20 years you will have R400.
  • After 30 years you will have R800.
  • After 40 years you will have R1 600.
  • After 50 years you will have R3 200.
  • After 60 years you will have R6 400.
  • After 70 years you will have R12 800.
"Okay", you might say. "That sounds like a lot of money, but it took 70 years to do that!" I'll be amongst the first to admit that 70 years is a long time to wait. But just think about what just happened. We took R100 and turned it into R12 800! This is an amount of money that could easily be spent on going to the movies, having take-aways or going out for an evening and you might not even notice spending it. But if you invested it instead of spending it, in 70 years you could have R12 800 to leave to your grandchildren as an inheritance or to donate to charity.

Let's be a bit more ambitious. Let's say we've managed to save up a small nest-egg of R10 000 that you were planning on putting towards something completely unnecessary like a new HD  TV or a fancier car. What does that become in 70 years?

R1 280 000 or R1,2 million.

Okay, that's a little more like it. But still, why am I talking about investing over 70 years if I'm trying to show you how you can use compound interest to achieve financial independence in a much shorter time frame like 10 years? It's because the interest rate (i) and time (n) are not the only factors that affect the final value of your investment. The amount you actually put in (P) has a profound affect on what you eventually get out. I needed to talk about periods of 70 years to give compound interest enough time to work because in our thought experiment we were not being ambitious enough. We were putting R100 or R10 000 away once off and then thinking that this is enough. Compound interest is powerful, but it won't achieve financial independence on its own. It needs something to compound on!

The general financial advice given when saving for retirement is "save 10 to 15% of your income and you'll be fine". Only saving 10 to 15% is what means you'll be working until you're 65. You're not letting P (what you put in) do enough work in the compound interest formula, so n (time) has to make up for it.

If we have a certain target, which will allow us to be financially independent (and we can talk about how to decide on this target in a future post), this is your FSo how do we reach this target?


Start investing now.

This makes n large in the compound interest formula giving compound interest more time to do its thing. Since we want n to be as small as possible for our target F (hello EARLY retirement), we need to increase P and i as much as possible. But of course, we should also start the process as soon as possible so that we maximise n without selling ourselves to work forever.
Invest as much as you can. 

This increases P in the compound interest formula. Increasing the amount invested comes from living a frugal lifestyle so that expenses are reduced and that there is more money to invest. This forms Pillar 1, which we'll talk about in more detail next time. It sounds so simple but there is a lot to it!


Increase your rate of growth

Invest in something sensible that will give you as large a growth rate as possible over the long term. This increases i in the compound interest formula. 
Increasing the rate at which your investment grows by choosing the right investments and investment platforms makes up Pillar 2: this requires a lot of thought and research as there are loads of pitfalls along the way.

Making use of the mathematics behind the power of compound interest will have you saving hard initially in order to increase P. Then once you've reached financial independence you can simply let i and n take over. That's freedom. Your money works so you don't have to.

Mr Cent(ri)Frugal Force


* Literally. Compound interest (on investments or debts) is an exponential function. Mathematically powerful to say the least.

** For multiple investments of different sizes made after time intervals of different length and with varying rates, the formula is a lot more complicated, but the factors that affect the final value of an investment are the same: P, i and n - it's just that none of these are constant.